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Installation

Underlayment Fastening Patterns and Lap Requirements

Underlayment failure is rarely a material defect. It is usually a fastening detail: too few fasteners, caps that are too small, or laps left unsealed. This page covers the attachment practice that keeps the sheet where it was put.

Fasteners

Choosing the fastener

Mechanically fastened underlayment is held with cap nails or, where permitted, staples with caps. The cap is doing the work — a nail without an adequate cap simply pulls through the sheet under load, which is why fastener pull-through resistance is a tested property of the sheet rather than an installation detail alone.

Spacing

Field versus lap spacing

LocationTypical spacingWhy tighter here
At lapsCloser spacing, often around 6 in on centreThe lap is where wind gets under the sheet first
In the fieldWider, commonly around 12 in on centre in rowsHolds the sheet flat without over-perforating it
High-wind regionsManufacturer's enhanced scheduleUplift pressure increases load per fastener

Treat the figures above as the shape of the practice rather than the rule: the governing number is always the one on the product's installation instructions, and it varies with the sheet and the wind zone.

Laps

Lap dimensions and sealing

Sequencing note underlayment should be installed from the bottom of the deck upward so that each course laps over the one below, which sheds water down the roof rather than into the seams.
FAQ

Common questions

Can I use staples instead of cap nails?
Where permitted, staples with caps are accepted in some jurisdictions and by some manufacturers, but cap nails are the more common specification and generally give better holding. Check the product instructions and the local code before substituting.
Why do laps need tighter fastening than the field?
A lap is a free edge that wind can lift. Fastening closer together along that edge reduces the sheet movement per fastener and makes it much harder for wind to start a peel that propagates across the roof.
Should laps always be taped?
Not always, but in high-wind and hurricane regions sealed laps are standard practice and often required. Where they are not required, follow the manufacturer's guidance rather than adding tape that may not be compatible with the sheet.
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