The most common misconception in attic specification is that a radiant barrier is “insulation with an R-value.” It is not. It works on a different heat transfer mechanism entirely, which is why it is installed in a different place and measured with different numbers.
| Mass insulation | Radiant barrier | |
|---|---|---|
| Mode addressed | Conduction and convection | Radiation |
| Metric | R-value (thermal resistance) | Reflectance and emissivity |
| How it works | Traps air in a low-conductivity matrix | Reflects radiant energy back toward its source |
| Where installed | On the attic floor, over the ceiling | Facing an air space — typically at the rafters or roof deck |
| Needs an air gap? | No | Yes — without one it conducts and does nothing |
| Primary benefit | Year-round resistance to heat flow | Reduced radiant gain, mainly cooling season |
A radiant barrier works by reflecting infrared radiation across an air gap. If the reflective surface is pressed directly against a solid material, radiation is replaced by conduction and the reflective property becomes irrelevant. This is why radiant barrier is applied to the underside of the rafters or the roof deck with an air space below it, rather than laid flat over the attic floor.
It is also why a dusty or painted-over surface loses most of its effect over time — emissivity is a surface property, not a bulk one.
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